NATO chief, former US intelligence director among Bilderberg elite
RT | May 28, 2014
Some 140 participants representing 22 countries will be attending the 62nd annual Bilderberg meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark. The newly released list is a who’s who of business, academia, and the political world.
As is usually the case with the renowned summit, this year’s Bilderberg – which will take place May 29 to June 1 – has attracted a cadre of influential experts, including notable attendees such as NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, former director of the US National Security Agency Keith Alexander, and former US national security advisor to the White House Thomas E. Donilon.
The Bilderberg meeting, which the BBC has referred to as “possibly the most influential discussion network in the world,” first began in 1954, has over the years attracted a considerable amount of media attention, both for its formidable attendee lists as well as the perceived aura as an opportunity for the world’s elite to mingle. In addition to the yearly attendees, the Bilderberg Steering Committee is likewise a list of powerful financiers, which includes Peter D. Sutherland, Chairman of Goldman Sachs International, as well as Peter Thiel, president of Thiel Capital.
Bilderberg operates under the “Chatham House Rule,” which stipulates that neither the identity nor affiliation of a speaker’s quotes may be revealed by other participants, including any media in attendance. Though it may be intended to promote the free exchange of ideas among the well-heeled, such rules have fed directly into what detractors say is an unnecessary cloud of secrecy, as well as a range of conspiracy theories that liken the summit to a shadowy gathering for architects of the “New World Order.”
Already fueling such wild speculation ahead of this year’s summit were the arrests of independent reporters Luke Rudkowski and Dan Dicks, who attempted to confront staff at the Copenhagen hotel where Bilderberg is set to take place. Video of the encounter quickly spread online.
According to an official press release, this year’s summit will be focusing on a variety of topics, including the future of democracy and the “middle class trap,” China’s political and economic outlook, and the ongoing situation in Ukraine. Interestingly, the agenda also includes the topic of privacy, as well as “the relationship in intelligence sharing,” which suggests the meeting may be used to address last year’s onslaught of NSA leaks by former intelligence contractor turned whistleblower Edward Snowden.
Below is a list of participants as released by Bilderberg:
Chairman
| FRA | Castries, Henri de | Chairman and CEO, AXA Group |
| DEU | Achleitner, Paul M. | Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Deutsche Bank AG |
| DEU | Ackermann, Josef | Former CEO, Deutsche Bank AG |
| GBR | Agius, Marcus | Non-Executive Chairman, PA Consulting Group |
| FIN | Alahuhta, Matti | Member of the Board, KONE; Chairman, Aalto University Foundation |
| GBR | Alexander, Helen | Chairman, UBM plc |
| USA | Alexander, Keith B. | Former Commander, U.S. Cyber Command; Former Director, National Security Agency |
| USA | Altman, Roger C. | Executive Chairman, Evercore |
| FIN | Apunen, Matti | Director, Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA |
| DEU | Asmussen, Jörg | State Secretary of Labour and Social Affairs |
| HUN | Bajnai, Gordon | Former Prime Minister; Party Leader, Together 2014 |
| GBR | Balls, Edward M. | Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer |
| PRT | Balsemão, Francisco Pinto | Chairman, Impresa SGPS |
| FRA | Baroin, François | Member of Parliament (UMP); Mayor of Troyes |
| FRA | Baverez, Nicolas | Partner, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP |
| USA | Berggruen, Nicolas | Chairman, Berggruen Institute on Governance |
| ITA | Bernabè, Franco | Chairman, FB Group SRL |
| DNK | Besenbacher, Flemming | Chairman, The Carlsberg Group |
| NLD | Beurden, Ben van | CEO, Royal Dutch Shell plc |
| SWE | Bildt, Carl | Minister for Foreign Affairs |
| NOR | Brandtzæg, Svein Richard | President and CEO, Norsk Hydro ASA |
| INT | Breedlove, Philip M. | Supreme Allied Commander Europe |
| AUT | Bronner, Oscar | Publisher, Der STANDARD Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H. |
| SWE | Buskhe, Håkan | President and CEO, Saab AB |
| TUR | Çandar, Cengiz | Senior Columnist, Al Monitor and Radikal |
| ESP | Cebrián, Juan Luis | Executive Chairman, Grupo PRISA |
| FRA | Chalendar, Pierre-André de | Chairman and CEO, Saint-Gobain |
| CAN | Clark, W. Edmund | Group President and CEO, TD Bank Group |
| INT | Coeuré, Benoît | Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank |
| IRL | Coveney, Simon | Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine |
| GBR | Cowper-Coles, Sherard | Senior Adviser to the Group Chairman and Group CEO, HSBC Holdings plc |
| BEL | Davignon, Etienne | Minister of State |
| USA | Donilon, Thomas E. | Senior Partner, O’Melveny and Myers; Former U.S. National Security Advisor |
| DEU | Döpfner, Mathias | CEO, Axel Springer SE |
| GBR | Dudley, Robert | Group Chief Executive, BP plc |
| FIN | Ehrnrooth, Henrik | Chairman, Caverion Corporation, Otava and Pöyry PLC |
| ITA | Elkann, John | Chairman, Fiat S.p.A. |
| DEU | Enders, Thomas | CEO, Airbus Group |
| DNK | Federspiel, Ulrik | Executive Vice President, Haldor Topsøe A/S |
| USA | Feldstein, Martin S. | Professor of Economics, Harvard University; President Emeritus, NBER |
| CAN | Ferguson, Brian | President and CEO, Cenovus Energy Inc. |
| GBR | Flint, Douglas J. | Group Chairman, HSBC Holdings plc |
| ESP | García-Margallo, José Manuel | Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation |
| USA | Gfoeller, Michael | Independent Consultant |
| TUR | Göle, Nilüfer | Professor of Sociology, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales |
| USA | Greenberg, Evan G. | Chairman and CEO, ACE Group |
| GBR | Greening, Justine | Secretary of State for International Development |
| NLD | Halberstadt, Victor | Professor of Economics, Leiden University |
| USA | Hockfield, Susan | President Emerita, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| NOR | Høegh, Leif O. | Chairman, Höegh Autoliners AS |
| NOR | Høegh, Westye | Senior Advisor, Höegh Autoliners AS |
| USA | Hoffman, Reid | Co-Founder and Executive Chairman, LinkedIn |
| CHN | Huang, Yiping | Professor of Economics, National School of Development, Peking University |
| USA | Jackson, Shirley Ann | President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute |
| USA | Jacobs, Kenneth M. | Chairman and CEO, Lazard |
| USA | Johnson, James A. | Chairman, Johnson Capital Partners |
| USA | Karp, Alex | CEO, Palantir Technologies |
| USA | Katz, Bruce J. | Vice President and Co-Director, Metropolitan Policy Program, The Brookings Institution |
| CAN | Kenney, Jason T. | Minister of Employment and Social Development |
| GBR | Kerr, John | Deputy Chairman, Scottish Power |
| USA | Kissinger, Henry A. | Chairman, Kissinger Associates, Inc. |
| USA | Kleinfeld, Klaus | Chairman and CEO, Alcoa |
| TUR | Koç, Mustafa | Chairman, Koç Holding A.S. |
| DNK | Kragh, Steffen | President and CEO, Egmont |
| USA | Kravis, Henry R. | Co-Chairman and Co-CEO, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. |
| USA | Kravis, Marie-Josée | Senior Fellow and Vice Chair, Hudson Institute |
| CHE | Kudelski, André | Chairman and CEO, Kudelski Group |
| INT | Lagarde, Christine | Managing Director, International Monetary Fund |
| BEL | Leysen, Thomas | Chairman of the Board of Directors, KBC Group |
| USA | Li, Cheng | Director, John L.Thornton China Center,The Brookings Institution |
| SWE | Lifvendahl, Tove | Political Editor in Chief, Svenska Dagbladet |
| CHN | Liu, He | Minister, Office of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs |
| PRT | Macedo, Paulo | Minister of Health |
| FRA | Macron, Emmanuel | Deputy Secretary General of the Presidency |
| ITA | Maggioni, Monica | Editor-in-Chief, Rainews24, RAI TV |
| GBR | Mandelson, Peter | Chairman, Global Counsel LLP |
| USA | McAfee, Andrew | Principal Research Scientist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| PRT | Medeiros, Inês de | Member of Parliament, Socialist Party |
| GBR | Micklethwait, John | Editor-in-Chief, The Economist |
| GRC | Mitsotaki, Alexandra | Chair, ActionAid Hellas |
| ITA | Monti, Mario | Senator-for-life; President, Bocconi University |
| USA | Mundie, Craig J. | Senior Advisor to the CEO, Microsoft Corporation |
| CAN | Munroe-Blum, Heather | Professor of Medicine and Principal (President) Emerita, McGill University |
| USA | Murray, Charles A. | W.H. Brady Scholar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research |
| NLD | Netherlands, H.R.H. Princess Beatrix of the | |
| ESP | Nin Génova, Juan María | Deputy Chairman and CEO, CaixaBank |
| FRA | Nougayrède, Natalie | Director and Executive Editor, Le Monde |
| DNK | Olesen, Søren-Peter | Professor; Member of the Board of Directors, The Carlsberg Foundation |
| FIN | Ollila, Jorma | Chairman, Royal Dutch Shell, plc; Chairman, Outokumpu Plc |
| TUR | Oran, Umut | Deputy Chairman, Republican People’s Party (CHP) |
| GBR | Osborne, George | Chancellor of the Exchequer |
| FRA | Pellerin, Fleur | State Secretary for Foreign Trade |
| USA | Perle, Richard N. | Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute |
| USA | Petraeus, David H. | Chairman, KKR Global Institute |
| CAN | Poloz, Stephen S. | Governor, Bank of Canada |
| INT | Rasmussen, Anders Fogh | Secretary General, NATO |
| DNK | Rasmussen, Jørgen Huno | Chairman of the Board of Trustees, The Lundbeck Foundation |
| INT | Reding, Viviane | Vice President and Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship, European Commission |
| USA | Reed, Kasim | Mayor of Atlanta |
| CAN | Reisman, Heather M. | Chair and CEO, Indigo Books & Music Inc. |
| NOR | Reiten, Eivind | Chairman, Klaveness Marine Holding AS |
| DEU | Röttgen, Norbert | Chairman, Foreign Affairs Committee, German Bundestag |
| USA | Rubin, Robert E. | Co-Chair, Council on Foreign Relations; Former Secretary of the Treasury |
| USA | Rumer, Eugene | Senior Associate and Director, Russia and Eurasia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |
| NOR | Rynning-Tønnesen, Christian | President and CEO, Statkraft AS |
| NLD | Samsom, Diederik M. | Parliamentary Leader PvdA (Labour Party) |
| GBR | Sawers, John | Chief, Secret Intelligence Service |
| NLD | Scheffer, Paul J. | Author; Professor of European Studies, Tilburg University |
| NLD | Schippers, Edith | Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport |
| USA | Schmidt, Eric E. | Executive Chairman, Google Inc. |
| AUT | Scholten, Rudolf | CEO, Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG |
| USA | Shih, Clara | CEO and Founder, Hearsay Social |
| FIN | Siilasmaa, Risto K. | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Interim CEO, Nokia Corporation |
| ESP | Spain, H.M. the Queen of | |
| USA | Spence, A. Michael | Professor of Economics, New York University |
| FIN | Stadigh, Kari | President and CEO, Sampo plc |
| USA | Summers, Lawrence H. | Charles W. Eliot University Professor, Harvard University |
| IRL | Sutherland, Peter D. | Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; UN Special Representative for Migration |
| SWE | Svanberg, Carl-Henric | Chairman, Volvo AB and BP plc |
| TUR | Taftalı, A. Ümit | Member of the Board, Suna and Inan Kiraç Foundation |
| USA | Thiel, Peter A. | President, Thiel Capital |
| DNK | Topsøe, Henrik | Chairman, Haldor Topsøe A/S |
| GRC | Tsoukalis, Loukas | President, Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy |
| NOR | Ulltveit-Moe, Jens | Founder and CEO, Umoe AS |
| INT | Üzümcü, Ahmet | Director-General, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
| CHE | Vasella, Daniel L. | Honorary Chairman, Novartis International |
| FIN | Wahlroos, Björn | Chairman, Sampo plc |
| SWE | Wallenberg, Jacob | Chairman, Investor AB |
| SWE | Wallenberg, Marcus | Chairman of the Board of Directors, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB |
| USA | Warsh, Kevin M. | Distinguished Visiting Fellow and Lecturer, Stanford University |
| GBR | Wolf, Martin H. | Chief Economics Commentator, The Financial Times |
| USA | Wolfensohn, James D. | Chairman and CEO, Wolfensohn and Company |
| NLD | Zalm, Gerrit | Chairman of the Managing Board, ABN-AMRO Bank N.V. |
| GRC | Zanias, George | Chairman of the Board, National Bank of Greece |
| USA | Zoellick, Robert B. | Chairman, Board of International Advisors, The Goldman Sachs Group |
Israelis seize 4 schoolgirls in south Hebron hills
Ma’an – 28/05/2014
BETHLEHEM – Israeli forces on Tuesday detained four Palestinian girls in the south Hebron hills after a settler accused them of stealing cherries, human rights group B’Tselem said.
The girls, aged 11 to 15, were on their way home from school with an Israeli army escort when Israeli police arrested them. They were taken to an Israeli police station in Hebron with no adult accompaniment and held for four hours until being handed over to Palestinian police and released.
“The absurdity and injustice of holding four girls on suspicion of such a minor offense is disgraceful and outrageous, especially given that the authorities systematically refrain from enforcing the law on settlers who attack these girls and their families,” B’Tselem said.
International volunteers from Operation Dove filmed the incident.
Three foreign journalists caught in violence near Slavyansk, two possibly dead – reports
RT | May 24, 2014
An Italian reporter and his interpreter may have been shot dead and a French photographer has been wounded near the city of Slavyansk, in eastern Ukraine, as their car came under fire, Russian media report.
The injured French journalist identified as William Roguelon has been taken to a local hospital where he received treatment and managed to leave the facility on his own.
Roguelon, from the hospital reached Agence France Presse (AFP) and described how out of nowhere their vehicle was bombarded with mortar shells.
“Before that we heard Kalashnikov shots,” Roguelon was quoted by the Italian tgcom24. “Then the mortar shells rained down all around,” he said claiming to have heard up 60 explosions as they tried to hide in the “middle of a ditch.”
The man, who works as a freelance photographer, has told Russian media that after the shooting he saw his Italian colleagues lying on the ground not moving, Rossiya 24 channel reported.
“In the village of Andreyevka, not far from Slavyansk, an Italian journalist and his interpreter have been shot dead and a French correspondent wounded. Their car came under fire,” a source from the self-defense forces has told RIA Novosti.
The area around the city of Slavyansk has been gripped by violence on Saturday, a day before the scheduled presidential election. Shooting was reported in the village of Semyonovka, where a psychiatric hospital has been partly ruined in a fight between Kiev troops and self-defense forces. Witnesses said a shell hit the roof of the hospital.
According to reports, shooting, artillery and machine-gun fire have been heard in the outskirts of Semyonovka starting Friday night.
Shell-holes can be seen in the ground all around the village. Smoke was reportedly seen billowing from at least three locations in Slavyansk on Saturday.
Update May 25th:
Unlawful killing of two Palestinian teens outside Ofer
Al-Akhbar | May 20, 2014
Video footage obtained by a human rights group Monday showed the chilling shooting deaths of two Palestinian children by Israeli occupation forces last Thursday.
Israeli soldiers shot dead teenagers Mohammed Odeh Abu al-Thaher and Nadim Siyam Nawara during a protest coinciding with the 66th anniversary of the Nakba outside Israel’s Ofer prison near the West Bank city of Ramallah.
Israel had claimed it fired rubber bullets during the May 15 protest to disperse the protesters.
But footage released by the Defence for Children International (DCI) captured from a security camera at a nearby house shows the youths, believed to be aged 16 and 17, being shot dead as they calmly walked.
The video shows the first victim walking in the opposite direction of the occupation forces before he is struck by a bullet in the back. Onlookers immediately rushed to his aid.
The second victim is shot in the chest in the same location as he walked slowly. He falls to the ground and struggles to get back up as others assist him and signal for the occupation forces to cease fire.
Both children were unarmed.
“Israeli forces continue to use excessive force and recklessly fire live ammunition and rubber-coated metal bullets on unarmed protesters, including children, killing them with impunity,” Rifat Kassis, executive director of DCI-Palestine, said in a statement.
The report said a third, 15-year-old victim was shot in the back and left lung during the protest and is recovering at a Ramallah hospital.
International human rights groups have repeatedly condemned Israel’s use of deadly force against Palestinian protesters and civilians in the West Bank and Gaza.
Kiev liable for crisis in eastern Ukraine: Analyst
Press TV – May 20, 2014
The Kiev government is actually responsible for the ongoing crisis in eastern Ukraine, a political analyst tells Press TV.
“We can blame the military operation launched by Kiev and this is not just a military operation. It’s not just used military forces of the Ukrainian army; it has also used militias, irregular troops, terrorist units, simple violent hooligans,” Manuel Ochsenreiter, chief editor of news magazine, Zuerst, said in an interview with Press TV on Tuesday.
He held the Kiev government and not Donetsk and Lugansk or even Moscow accountable for the ongoing crisis.
The acting Kiev government has been staging military operations in the eastern and southern regions since mid-April in a bid to root out pro-Moscow demonstrations.
Nearly 130 people have so far been killed during clashes and operations by Ukrainian troops in the east and the south, according to figures from the United Nations.
The commentator further emphasized that the recent referendum in Ukraine’s eastern regions of Donetsk and Lugansk is not responsible for the humanitarian situation as it did not take the social services from the country.
He added that an election or referendum has never changed the direct humanitarian situation of the people on the ground in any time of history, noting that Kiev and the West are likely to use it as an excuse.
“It’s a very cynical interpretation of the situation to say, well, you wanted to be independent, now take starve, don’t find a doctor, now don’t get medicine,” the analyst pointed out.
On May 12, Ukraine’s two eastern regions of Donetsk and Lugansk declared independence following local referendums in which the regions’ residents voted overwhelmingly in favor of independence from Kiev.
~~~
Emmanuel Eisenberg explains his right to disregard international law and destroy private property
Excavations continue on Abu Haikel Land
CPTnet | May 19, 2014
AL-KHALIL (HEBRON) – The Israeli Antiquity Authority (IAA) continues to expropriate Palestinian land in Hebron, on the Tel Rumeida hillside. On Sunday 18 May 2014, the IAA workforce, under the instruction of project coordinator Emmanuel Eisenberg, continued to cause structural damaged to the Abu Haikel land, deploying questionable and illegal archeological practices, while at the same time utilizing the Al Jobeh family’s land without the family’s consent.
The excavations are illegal under Israeli law, according to the Oslo Agreement, which Israel signed in the mid-90s— a process jointly agreed upon by Israel and Palestine as a vehicle to peace and stability. Article 2 of the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement describes in detail how Israeli and Palestinians would jointly administer archeological projects in Palestinian territory. The IAA has not abided by this agreement in Tel Rumeida.
As previously reported, the IAA had verbally agreed to halt the archeological excavations on the land bordering the Abu Haikel plot until the borders of the property were properly demarcated. Despite the agreement, the IAA illegal activities continued onto the Abu Haikel’s property, eventually undermining a retaining wall, causing it to collapse and exposing the roots of a centuries-old olive tree to the elements. These breaches were not the first damage to the Abu Haikel land as a result of the excavations.
The disregard of both international law and Israeli law, combined with verbal and physical assaults of the families living on Tel Rumeida is not an isolated incident, but rather constitute a colonial methodology by the Jewish settler enterprise in Israel. These tactics were the same political instruments that led to the establishment and expansion of the Israeli settlement of Tel Rumeida.
Explaining how he could destroy the foundations of the Abu Haikel’s wall, Emmanuel Eisenberg said explicitly that he, “Doesn’t give a shit,” and articulated at length the nature of his work, in which he envisioned the site becoming a tourist destination with a kiosk or restaurant on the Palestinian lands. At one point during the dialogue, Eisenberg had attacked a human rights observer.
As has been chronicled by Israeli Jewish historian Illan Pappe, among others, forced displacement, harassment, and the suppression of basic rights has been the central component of Israeli policy toward the Palestinians. This reality is demonstrated with facts on the ground in Hebron specifically, with over a thousand Palestinian homes and shops evacuated, razed, or confiscated for the benefit, protection, and expansion of Jewish settlements.
Eisenberg’s work on Tel Rumeida is an extension of formal Israeli policy to settle in “Judea and Samaria” and another instrument of the settlement plan to force Palestinians to leave Hebron.

The gate to the Abu Haikal house
Can the United States Come to Terms with an Independent, Technologically Sophisticated, and Truly Sovereign Iran?
By Flynt Leverett and Hillary Mann Leverett | Going to Tehran | May 16, 2014
As negotiations on a final nuclear deal between Iran and the P5+1 proceed, CCTV’s news talk program, The Heat, invited Hillary earlier this week to offer her perspective on the requirements for successful negotiations, click on the video above or see here. The program also included interview segments with Seyed Mohammad Marandi from the University of Tehran and with former Iranian diplomat and nuclear negotiator Seyed Hossein Mousavian. All three segments are worth watching. We want to highlight here some of Hillary’s more important points.
Hillary notes that, while the chances for diplomatic breakthrough between Washington and Tehran are “the best they have been for at least a decade,” gaps between the United States and Iran remain “wide” on key issues. Most importantly, “at this point, the United States doesn’t want Iran to have an industrial-scale nuclear program.”
In Hillary’s view, the “big picture” strategic challenge for the United States in pursuing a diplomatic opening with Iran is recognizing that the Islamic Republic “has sovereign rights, treaty rights, and can be treated like a normal state.” In the context of the nuclear talks, more specifically, the question is whether the United States “can countenance a country that will be strong, independent, and a real nuclear power—not a weapons power, but a real nuclear power.”
On this point, Seyed Mohammad Marandi says that, from an Iranian perspective, “the crux of the problem is the very notion that Western powers are in a position or they have the authority to determine what Iran is allowed to have and is not allowed to have. Iran is not going to accept anything less than its full rights within the framework of international law.”
Hillary describes how, to a considerable degree, Washington has been compelled to drop thirty-five years of rejecting the Islamic Republic’s very legitimacy and to consider cutting some sort of deal with it because of the erosion of U.S. military options vis-à-vis Iran and the strategic failure of American sanctions policy.
–With regard to military options, Hillary observes that “one of the things that has made these negotiations possible in a constructive manner is that, from August 2013, when President Obama declared that the United States would attack Syria after chemical weapons were used there, and then had to walk it back and say, “No, actually I can’t do that, Congress isn’t going to support me, no one around the world is going to support me’—with that, the United States’ ability to credibly threaten the effective use of force greatly diminished. So now you don’t hear President Obama say nearly as much, ‘all options are on the table’—not because the United States doesn’t want to have that [option], but because we don’t have it. We lost it over Syria, and over some of the other failed military interventions over the last decade.”
–While “the idea that sanctions have so crippled the Iranians, and especially the Iranian leadership, that they have come crawling to the table” is popular in American political discourse, this is a false assessment, “put out there to justify a policy that we have put in place for thirty-five years that has not brought down the Islamic Republic, has not overthrown its government, and has not weakened it. We’ve seen Iranian power rise and rise. And I think in some ways the Iranians are letting us have a bit of that narrative, to justify how sanctions have, in a way, let the United States come to the table…It’s a bit the reverse of what the American rhetoric is here, from Washington—it’s not so much that sanctions brought the Iranians to the table; they really brought the Americans to the table.”
Hillary explains that, because of these difficulties, the Obama administration has, over the last two years, determined that the United States might be able to “accept” the Islamic Republic—but “only if it can become part of a pro-American, U.S.-led security and political order in the Middle East.” To join such an order, “states in the region have to give up some elements of sovereign rights—to have a big, functioning military; to have full industrialization—and to have policies that support the United States. So I think what the U.S. team is really trying to test is whether the Islamic Republic of Iran can join this pro-American political and security order”—and, to show that the Islamic Republic could do this, whether Iran “would limit [its] ability to have a civilian nuclear program, according to American wishes.”
Hillary elaborates that, in broader perspective,
“The nuclear deal is almost like, when Nixon and Kissinger first went to China and the relationship opened, we had the Shanghai Communique. At the end of the day, it was just a piece of paper; it means nothing in the broader scheme of what has become a huge relationship between the United States and China. The nuclear deal between the U.S. and Iran would essentially serve that function; it would be the equivalent of the Shanghai Communique, to allow for this opening of a relationship between Iran and the United States.
Now the big difference is that the United States wants this relationship on terms that would shore up a pro-American political and security order throughout the region, throughout the Middle East. What Iran wants in that relationship is to maintain its independence, maintain its sovereignty, and to continue to have this ability to rise as an important power. Now it may be possible for those two goals to be met, but it’s going to be extremely difficult.”
This difference in fundamental goals is also manifested in U.S.-Iranian disagreements over sanctions, with the Iranians seeking to end sanctions while the Americans talk about suspending them, with specific triggers for re-imposing them. Hillary explains that the U.S. position grows out of Washington’s greater goal,
“which is to bring Iran into this pro-American political and security order in the region that allows the United States to punish states that don’t go along with U.S. policy preferences—including by the re-imposition or increasing of sanctions on them. So that is a big strategic goal for the United States.
For Iran, though, Iran has not had trade relations with the United States for thirty-five years. Their strategy is, if they can get all U.S. sanctions lifted, great. But the real goal is not this idea that the United States is somehow going to change overnight. But if the United States can at least get out of the way, stand to the side, not enforce those sanctions, waive those sanctions at least every six months, that would allow room for other states that Iran is very focused on—in Europe, in Asia, especially with China, and other countries—to allow them to trade and invest more freely (and without the constant threat of punishment from the United States), to allow them to invest in the Iranian economy. That’s the real economic prize; it’s not to open up U.S. trade or U.S. investment per se.”
Looking ahead to a prospective final agreement, Hillary cautions that negotiators “are going to try to have it as specific as possible, to really hold each side to account—not to build trust, but essentially to build in triggers to punish the other side if something goes wrong. That is not going to be a durable agreement.” Instead of this approach, Hillary argues that
“the most effective agreement that could come to fruition, whether its July 20 (the self-imposed deadline) or after that, will be something more vague. It will be something more along the lines of the Shanghai Communique between the United States and China, which essentially will say that Iran will be recognized as a sovereign state. There may be some interim period for confidence building, but that will be temporary, and after that interim period Iran will be recognized—especially by the United States, but by all of the P5+1—as a normal sovereign state exercising normal sovereign rights, including those for a civilian nuclear program…If they get bogged down in the details of exactly how many centrifuges Iran can run for exactly how much time, that’s a recipe for failure.”
The rest of Hillary’s interview is worth watching, as are the segments with Seyed Mohammad Marandi and Seyed Hossein Mousavian.
